Ag Alert August 18, 2020

Ag Alert is the newspaper of the California Farm Bureau Federation, reaching Farm Bureau agricultural and collegiate members. Agricultural members are owners and decision-makers on California farms and ranches. The California Farm Bureau Federation is a non-governmental, non-profit, voluntary membership organization whose purpose is to protect and promote agricultural interests throughout the state of California and to find solutions to the problems of the farm, the farm home and the rural community. Farm Bureau is California's largest farm organization, comprised of 53 county Farm Bureaus. Farm Bureau strives to protect and improve the ability of farmers and ranchers engaged in production agriculture to provide a reliable supply of food and fiber through responsible stewardship of California's resources.

CFAP aid expands Nursery crops and dozens of others added to pandemic aid

Emphasizing protein Specialists advise barley farmers on growing for craft malt houses

Page 6 THE WEEKLY NEWSPAPER FOR CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURE Ag Alert ®

Page 7

www.cfbf.com • www.agalert.com AUGUST 19, 2020

Field Crops ® Vegetables ®

s p e c i a l r e p o r t s

ByChristine Souza For generations, farmers have been known for their resourcefulness andabili- ty to“MacGyver”what theyneed toget the jobdone. But during theglobal pandemic, whichhas resulted inmanufacturing facil- ity closures and supply chain disruptions, farmers report delays in acquiring some necessary parts and equipment. Tulare County citrus farmer John Kirkpatrickdescribedpartsandequipment as “the heart and lungs of the operation; without those, therewouldbe no crop.” InSiskiyouCounty, hay farmerBrandon Fawaz faced a challenge in tracking down a fairly common hydraulic motor, which heplanned touse todriveanauger for un- loading fertilizer out of a truck and into a spreader. Themotor he needed is built in Mexico, andhe learnedthemanufacturing Pandemic slows availability of equipment parts

See PARTS, Page 19

Schools extend curbside meal deliveries Nicole Barron, director of child nutrition and food services for the Stockton Unified School District, left, and Stagg High School employee Pyongson Ortegas prepare meals for pickup during lunchtime service. The bags include individual servings of foods with enough ingredients for breakfast, lunch, dinner and a snack.

ByChing Lee With their hands-onapproach to teach- ing skills such as propagating and grow- ingplants, handling animals andwelding, agricultural educators have scrambled to overhaul lessonplans inanew, virtual for- mat as schoolsmaintaindistance learning to blunt COVID-19. “I’ve been teaching 26 years this year, and I have never worked so hard in my entire teaching career,” Leimone Waite, agriculture instructor at Shasta College in Redding, said about her preparations this summer readying classes for the fall ses- sion, which startedMonday for the com- munity college. School districts implement their own plans based on state guidelines and Ag instructors prepare to teach classes virtually

ByKevinHecteman It’snearlySeptember, andschool isback in session—but not the way most people might have hoped when the COVID-19 pandemic forced students to finish the previous academic year online. That means changes in how school districts serve fresh fruits and vegetables, dairyproducts andother items tostudents whomight otherwisehavebeeneating ina

school cafeteria.Manydistrictscontinue to delivermeals to families curbside. Jana Nairn of AgLink in Ballico, which works tomatch producers to school dis- tricts, said she didn’t foresee a contin- ued shutdown. “Definitelydisappointing foreverybody, not only in the produce industry, but of course all the parents and the kids,” Nairn said. “I think everyone really thought this

was temporary for thespring, andthatwe’d beable toget back tosomekindof normal- cy in the fall.” For theStocktonUnifiedSchoolDistrict in San Joaquin County, normalcy, in pre-pandemic times, meant serving 9,000 breakfasts and 23,000 lunches per day, said Nicole Barron, the district’s director

See MEALS, Page 14

n e w s p a p e r

From the Fields........................ 4-5 Field Crops...................................7 Vegetables................................. 11 Classifieds........................... 17-19 Inside

Published by California Farm Bureau Federation

See SCHOOLS, Page 15

Federal funding could help narrow the digital divide ByMeganNelson

Networks Reimbursement Program. The programprovides small, rural telecommu- nications providers funds to offset the cost of removing prohibited equipment that poses national security risks to their net- works and replacing it with more secure technology. The FCC initiative took shape after two companies—Huawei and ZTE— were designated as threats to the commu- nications supply chain. Also included in the Senate legislation is $78.1 billion for the Public Health and Social Services Emergency Fund, which can be used for telehealth access, among other initiatives. On Aug. 3, President Donald Trump signed the Executive Order on Improving Rural Health and Telehealth Access. The order outlines the administration’s direc- tives to expand telehealth services during the COVID-19 emergency and after. Focusing on rural accessibility, the ad- ministrationorder iscenteredoninfrastruc- ture build-out to enable wider telehealth measuresand investigatingneededregula- tory reformto fast-track these services. The COVID-19 emergency persists throughout the nation, alongside the growing digital divide. Rural residents and the health care providers and schools that serve themaremore reliant than ever on telehealth and distance learning infra- structure,whichareonlyas effectiveas the broadband connecting them. TheCARESActallocatedmorethan$500 millionfor rural broadbandprograms, and negotiations are underway for the next stimulus package. Rural communities are hopeful thenextbillwill includeadditional funding to reduce the digital divide. (Megan Nelson is an economic analyst for the American FarmBureau Federation inWashington, D.C. This piecewas adapted fromapostingontheAFBFMarketIntelblog.)

Likeall families, farmfamilieshavemany worries about the COVID-19 health crisis, and the lackof broadbandaccess adds an- other obstacle. Never has the

With more schools em- ploying dis- tance learning, the need for better broad- band access in rural areas has become even more obvious.

need for broad- band deployment fundingbeenmore obvious. School districtsaroundthe country are open- ing virtually and heal th care ser- vices are operating

Megan Nelson

via telehealth platforms, yet more than 19 million rural Americans donot havehigh- speed internet access. This article highlights the congres- sional and executive actions related to rural broadband expansion during the COVID-19 emergency. S i gned i nt o l aw Ma rch 27 , t he Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act allocatesmore than $500 million to help rural communities connect to broadband internet. The CARES Act included $100 million for the Rural Utility Service Reconnect Pilot Programunder the U.S. Department of Agriculture, which provides grants for the construction, improvement or acqui- sition of facilities and equipment needed to provide broadband service in eligible rural areas. The CARES Act also increases theRuralUtilityServiceDistanceLearning, Telemedicine, and Broadband Program fundingby$25million, allowing theagen- cy to provide additional grants to support rural communities’ access to telecommu- nications-enabled information, audioand video equipment. To support the growing need for tele- health services due to the COVID-19

emergency, the CARES Act also pro- vided the Federal Communications Commission with $200 million for its COVID-19 Telehealth Program. The pro- gramsupports eligiblehealthcareprovid- ers responding to COVID-19 by providing telecommunications services, informa- tion services and the devices necessary to enable telehealth services. Additionally, themeasureset aside$180 million from the $127 billion increase in funding for theDepartment ofHealthand Human Services PublicHealth and Social Services Emergency Fund to expand ser- vices and capacity for rural hospitals, in- cluding telehealth. On May 15, the House passed the HealthandEconomicRecoveryOmnibus Emergency Solutions (HEROES) Act, which would provide $8.8 billion for the creation of the Emergency Broadband Connectivity Fund within the FCC, to be used through Sept. 30, 2021. The fund would focus primarily on subsidizing broadbandconnectivity for schools, librar- iesandlow-incomehouseholds, providing an internet bill discount of up to $50.

The HEROES Act also includes a $5 bil- lion increase to the FCC E-Rate program for schools and libraries topurchaseWi-Fi hotspots,modems, routers andother con- nection-related devices for students who do not have broadband access. Additionally, the HEROES Act provides $2 billion to the Universal Service Fund Healthcare Connect Fund Programfor el- igible health care providers, for telecom- municationsandbroadbandservicesnec- essary to improve thequalityof healthcare available topatients inrural communities. Housestimulus legislationalso includes prescriptive funding for the Broadband DATA Act, providing $24 million to im- prove theaccuracyof broadbandcoverage and better direct federal funds for broad- band build-out. The Senate announced the details of its Health, Economic Assistance, Liability Protection and Schools, or HEALS Act, on July27.TheHEALSActdoesnotproposeany specific allocations for broadband build- out; however, it does provide $1 billion for the Secure and Trusted Communications

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August 19, 2020

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2 Ag Alert August 19, 2020

State proposes new rules for use of neonicotinoids

executive of California Citrus Mutual in Exeter. “Neonicotinoids are incredibly im- portant to the California citrus industry,” Creamer said, “not only just for the battle against huanglongbing and the Asian cit- rus psyllid—it’s our No. 1 tool there—but also an important part of our integrated pest management programs.” The Asian citrus psyllid spreads huan- glongbing, also called HLB or citrus greening, which infects and kills citrus trees. A psyllid infectedwith the bacteri- um that causes HLB was recently found

in a commercial grove in Riverside County, although the disease itself has not yet been detected in a California commercial grove. “It’s a must-have, and there really ar- en’t any feasible alternatives that work as well as the neonicotinoids in fighting ACP,” Creamer said. Citrus growers are “proactive” when it comes to bees, he noted. “There’s a symbiotic relationship,” Creamer said. “A good part of a bee’s

ByKevinHecteman Farmers would be severely limited as to how and when they could apply ne- onicotinoid insecticides to protect their crops, under regulations being contem- plated by the California Department of Pesticide Regulation. The four crop-protection materials covered under the proposed regulations are clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidaclo- prid and thiamethoxam, all of which the department said it considers toxic tobees and other pollinators. Taylor Roschen, a California Farm Bureau Federation policy advocate, said CFBF is evaluating the proposed regula- tion’s potential effect on farms. “As always, our guiding principles are that these regulations must be based on sound science and flexibility, to not acutely impact farms’ ability tomost effi- ciently protect their crops,” Roschen said. In general, neonicotinoid applica- tions would be banned during bloom, as would applications of more than one ac- tive ingredient within the same growing season. Using soil and foliar applications in the same growing season also would be disallowed, with limited exceptions Author pulls bill affecting livestock use of food waste A b i l l t ha t wou l d have l imi t ed California livestock producers’ access to recycled and upcycled food waste was pulled from consideration days before its scheduled hearing in the state Senate last week. T h e C a l i f o r n i a Fa r m B u r e a u Federation led a coalition of agricultural and food-processing organizations op- posing the measure, Assembly Bill 2959. “We are pleased to see that restrictions on livestock feed, through AB 2959, will no longer be pursued this year,” said Taylor Roschen, a CFBF policy advocate. “As the state works toward managing its organic waste, our farms, dairies and ranches provide an invaluable service. We look forward to continuing to high- light that work.” AB 2959, from Assemblyman Ian Ca l de ron , D-Wh i t t i e r, had been scheduled for a hearing in the Senate Environmental Quality Committee last week but was taken off the agenda. Under the bill, livestock producers would no longer have been able to re- ceive food byproducts from retail and commercial establishments, including grocers, restaurants and others, if the lo- cal jurisdictionhas a contract with a fran- chise waste hauler. Opponents said the bill would have forced more food waste into landfills rather than being used to feed animals.

for pome fruit and stone fruit. Additional regulations would apply to farms where managed pollinators are being used. A set of restrictions geared to specific crops would also apply, depending on the crop’s attractiveness to bees. Losing neonicotinoids would be dev- astating to citrus growers, according to Casey Creamer, president and chief

See REGULATIONS, Page 16

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August 19, 2020 Ag Alert 3

Greg Panella LakeCounty pear grower

The Bartlett pear crop is a little lighter than average for us, but we’re picking out

OK. We started harvesting last week. It’s not necessarily un-

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common for it to get above 100 during har- vesttime. We pick early in the morning and we’re done by the heat of the day. We keep the workers out of heat and keep some wa- ter to the trees if you can. We’ve been using the same farm labor contractor and they are back this year with the same employees. We totally rearranged the camps this year to allow for proper social distancing, and we’re disinfecting everything multiple times a day and taking the pickers’ temperatures before they go into the field and doing everything we can to mitigate COVID. We didn’t have much warm weather during bloom this year, so most of our main buds didn’t set fruit. The result is we have a real staggered fruit size on the tree. There’s a lot of later flowers that came out that set smaller fruit this year, so it’s been difficult to get consistent size throughout the orchards, and tonnage is not there because there wasn’t enough heat to set the fruit. Derrick Lum SolanoCounty farmer We’re man- aging my small

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olive grove, main- taining it for next year’s crop. It’s an off year for my olive oil crop. It was a heavy crop last year.

The walnuts that I oversee at my brother’s ranch are an average crop this year, not a big production. We’re trying to manage the disease in it and maintain the water coming off this year. The submoisture is not there, so we’ve been irrigating more often. In the row-crop arena, I’m overseeing some of the land for a farmer that leases my land, so I’m watching the crop for him and managing his guys. We did notice that we had to irrigate quite more often because the submoisture is not there from the light rain in the spring. For all the crops, we have to do a little more irrigation this year. The persimmons look really good. It’s just that we had to irrigate a little more often to keep up the moisture. Persimmons size better when it gets cool. We’ve had a lot of hot days, so let’s see what happens this fall, because it’s a fall crop and we harvest in October. But there’s a good crop set on them. I’m overseeing sunflowers too. The sun-

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4 Ag Alert August 19, 2020

Julie Walker SanDiegoCounty nursery operator

flower crop looks good for seed production. It was just a little bit tough at the very begin- ning to get the moisture in the ground for germination, because there were not the many late rains to put the submoisture in the ground, so we had to pre-irrigate a lot. Because of how parched the ground was, that was difficult. But once we got it going, it turned out all right. The triticale wheat turned out really well, even though there weren’t many spring rains to finish it off well. We had enough to finish out a decent crop. The other crops are looking pretty good. Our bean crops, the sweet-corn crop and crops like pumpkins, they all look good right now. Under the current COVID, that’s anoth- er thing. People still have to eat. A lot of restaurants aren’t open, a lot of hotels and businesses aren’t open, but people are still eating at home and purchasing product. I think farmers are doing their due dili- gence in training their staff. Through our ag commissioner, we just had a training for the workers in the field and picking staff, to educate the labor force that we use to pick the vegetables, to get them trained on wear- ing the masks, social distancing in the field, being very hygienic and clean, and washing their hands. We want to be safe. We want to make sure everyone that handles all the products is safe, so we can get the food into people’s hands. We’re just farming in precarious times. Thank God the relief from the government is helping out. We hope we can get more funding in some of these specialty crops.

consistent and then, to our delight, began to increase. We are pleased that our plants had found their way into more homes and in general landscapes. Our liner sales remain robust and have helped push back on our cut-flower losses. The challenge now is the same ques- tion since the beginning: What does the future hold?

peaches early last week. Quality was excel- lent, but the crop was off a bit. As expected, the almond crop seems to be a large one, with load counts up from last year, and I estimate our walnuts and raisins to be on pace with last year’s production. Tom Coleman FresnoCounty pistachio grower In our pista- chios, we are

We specialize

in drought-tol- erant varieties that herald from similar climates in Australia, South Africa and New Zealand. Our fields are plant-

Matthew Efird FresnoCounty farmer

checking for nut fill and keeping our irrigation going at a pretty steady pace be- cause of the heat and the fact that

ed with varieties that are popular with the cut-flower market. Our original focus was on cut-flower production, but we’ve gradu- ally transitioned to most sales consisting of liners for landscaping and patio pot use. In February, due to COVID-19, cut-flower sales were immediately impacted. As events were canceled, total cut sales plummeted. Our learning curve was huge as we scurried to pivot, look for new ave- nues and try to forecast the viability of our business. COVID spread and we realized that our nation and global communities were also dangerously affected. Pandemic became our collective nightmare. We’ve been knee-deep in quarantining, masks and hand sanitizers, with major concerns for the health and well-being of our family, friends and employees, plus our business. The Payroll Protection Program stepped in at the right time. We were able to float our business, keep our employees and try to focus on a still-blurry future. As the population stayed home, trends turned toward activities such as home landscaping. Our liner sales had remained

The last of our mite sprays has been applied to all of our orchards and vineyards, and should hold through the re- mainder of the year. Almond

we’re nut filling. We’re pretty much done with our fertilization and we’re heavily moni- toring for navel orangeworm. We completed our first sprays last week and we anticipate starting harvest on Sept. 3. We’re anticipating a slightly smaller crop than what the industry thought. They were talking 1.2 billion pounds at one point and now I’m getting some numbers as low as 800 million pounds. I don’t think it’s goi g to be that low, but I think it’s going to be a little above 900 million pounds. Pistachio harvest is a little bit later than last year but overall, it looks pretty good. Pistachio growers just got word that pista- chios are now going to be included as one of the commodities to receive pandemic finan- cial relief, so everybody’s happy to hear that. We haven’t seen the government forms to fill out yet, but I’m sure it will be complicated.

harvest is well underway, with most of the Nonpareil and Independence varieties being shook. With the high temperatures, water management of all of our crops will be critical. The heat will also place additional pressure on sweeping and harvesting, as the maturing of the almond pollinator variet- ies will be accelerated. We should begin to shake those nuts by the end of the week. Sugars are 20 +/- brix in our Fiesta raisin grapes. Cane cutting for mechanized raisin harvest will begin toward the end of the week, with harvest beginning 10 to 12 days later. Our walnuts continue to mature, and I es- timate that we are about a month away from harvesting our early Serrs. We finished the final pick on our cling

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August 19, 2020 Ag Alert 5

Pandemic-aid program adds to list of eligible crops ByDaveKranz

ensof additional productseligible for relief under the Coronavirus Food Assistance Program, or CFAP. It also extended the deadline to apply for the programby two weeks, to Sept. 11. The program provides direct financial assistance to farmers and ranchers who have suffered price declines of 5% or greater for their crops or commodities in the first quarter of the fiscal year, or who absorbed losses due to pandemic-related

supplychaindisruptionsand facedsignifi- cant newmarketing costs as a result. ThenewUSDA list of eligiblecrops adds nursery crops and cut flowers, all sheep andavarietyof aquacultureproducts, plus more than 40 specialty crops, including bok choy, dates, endive, horseradish, mi- crogreens, nectarines, parsley, persim- mons, pomegranates, pummelos, pump- kins, tangelos and others. Six crops became newly eligible for

funding for sales losses: greenonions, pis- tachios, peppermint, spearmint, walnuts and watermelons; originally, they had been eligible only for payments on mar- keting adjustments. A full list of the commodities coveredby the program, and information about how toapply,maybefoundat farmers.gov/cfap. Sara Neagu-Reed, associate director of federal policy for the California Farm BureauFederation, saidFarmBureauwas pleasedby the secondroundof changes to CFAP, noting they will provide more spe- cialty-crop growers with an opportunity to apply for aid. But, she added, “The additional com- modities, such as nursery crops and fresh cut flowers, should have beenmade eligi- ble from the start. It shouldn’t have taken this long.” Neagu-Reed said Farm Bureau will continue advocating for additional com- modities, such as winegrapes and pima cotton, that have not yet been included in the aid program. The two-week extensionof the applica- tiondeadline, shesaid,will beof particular benefit for those farmers whose crops just became eligible. John Newton, American Farm Bureau Federationchiefeconomist, saidonlyabout $7 billion of the estimated $15.4 billion in CFAPaidhadbeendistributedthroughthe first eight or nineweeks of theprogram. “Inthecaseof specialty-cropproducers, at this point only about $300 million has been paid to those growers. I think they needmore time to engage with (USDA),” Newton said, adding that the agency should “do a little bit more outreach, so that farmers across the country know that this critical support is available.” AFBFPresident ZippyDuvall saidmany farmfamilies havenot participated in fed- eral programsbefore “andneedhelpnavi- gating their way through the process.” Statistics fromtheUSDA indicate about 25% of the nation’s farmers have partici- pated inCFAP, according toAFBF. (DaveKranz is editor of AgAlert.Hemay be contacted at dkranz@cfbf.com.) UC creates model of HLB bacterium University of California scientists have reportedmore progress in possibly coun- teracting the fatal citrus diseaseHLB. UCRiverside researchers said last week they have created models of the bacteri- um that causes HLB. James Borneman, a microbiology professor at UC Riverside, said the models could help in managing the disease. Last month, other UC Riverside sci- entists said they had identified a new treatment that shows promise for con- trolling HLB. Borneman said microbes “almost al- ways adapt” to control measures, add- ing, “There won’t be one thing that will fix this disease.”

Whileexpressingsatisfactionwithchang- es to a key federal pandemic-aid program for farmersandranchers, agriculturalorga- nizations said theywould continue to seek inclusion of more crops and commodities in the program through the next round of stimulus legislationanda“CFAP2.0”pack- age the U.S. Department of Agriculture is expected tounveil incomingweeks. USDA said last week it had made doz-

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6 Ag Alert August 19, 2020

C A L I F O R N I A

FieldCrops A SPECIAL GROWERS’ REPORT OF AG ALERT ®

When growing two-row barley for malting, farmers need to produce grain in a narrow protein range between 9% and 10.5%, according to University of California small-grains researcher Taylor Nelsen, right, who identifies nitrogen fertility as the top factor farmers can control to manage protein levels.

Photo/Bob Johnson

Protein levels prove key for malting barley quality ByBob Johnson

barleymarket, itmakes economic sense to prioritize quality over yield, Nelsen said. “Nitrogen fertility is the No. 1 factor that growers can control tomanage their protein,” she said. “It isnot recommended toapplynitrogenafter the tilleringgrowthstage, because more nitrogen is allocated to protein than yield the later in the season it is applied.” She offered a sample calculation of the remaining nitrogen needs for a barley crop at the tillering stage. “A typical 3,000-pound yield at 9.5%protein is 285 pounds of protein per acre,” Nelsen said. “Two hundred eighty-five pounds per acre divided by the 5.75 nitrogen-to-protein factor is 50 pounds of nitrogen per acre in the grain.” Multiply that figure by 1.25 to account for the nitrogen to be removed with the straw, and figure that 90%of the uptake, or 56 pounds, remains at tillering, she said, adding that variety, seeding rate and water availability should also be considered, because they can also impact the protein level. The UC small-grains website includes a selection tool that will help farmers see how numerous two-rowbarley varietieshaveperformed inrecent years at a specified location. From the site at smallgrains.ucanr.edu, choose “Variety Selection” on the upper left of the page, then follow the link for the “User-specified data selection tool,” which leads to a page that allows a user to enter barley as the crop, choose a location within one of the

As craft breweries sprout throughout the state, grain growers can benefit from the ex- pandingmarket for locally grownmalting barley, which can bring anywhere from150% to 400%of the price received for forage grain. But those highprices only come if the grain tests ina relativelynarrowtarget of protein thatmakes two-rowmaltingbarleybest suited for high-quality brewing. “Themost important qualityparameter inmaltingbarleyquality isprotein,” saidTaylor Nelsen, anassistant specialistworkingwithUniversityofCaliforniaCooperativeExtension graincropping systems specialistMarkLundy. “For two-rowbarley, craft brewmalt facili- ties want to receive grainwith 9% to 10.5%protein.” Though the potential premium for malting barley is inviting, the penalty for failing to hit this relatively small protein target can be substantial. “It’s important to check contracts for the price penalty of not meeting protein goals,” Nelsen cautioned. “In some cases, barley that does not meet protein specifications may be rejected and forced into the lower-revenue feedmarket.” Shemade her remarks during the UCDavis 2020 Virtual Small Grains FieldDay, as re- searchersmoved theirpresentations fromtheagronomy test fields to the internet because of COVID-19 restrictions on large social gatherings. Because of the potential price premium for meeting the standards set by the malting

See BARLEY, Page 8

August 19, 2020 Ag Alert 7

Barley Continued from Page 7

major growing regions, and then look at results fromtrials of just two-rowbarley at that location. “Two-row barley varieties generally require less nitrogen and have lower pro- tein than six-row varieties,” Nelsen said. “Relativelyhighseedingratesof around1.1 million seeds per acre are recommended for qualitymalting barley.” There are variable amounts of rainfall, heat, planting dates and irrigation sys- tems used to growbarley, which she said makes it even more difficult to achieve the protein target. “There is a wide diversity of agroeco- systems in whichmalting barley is grown in California, making achieving protein requirements difficult,” Nelsen said. “Drought and heat stress also tend to lead to lower yield and higher protein levels in the barley.” Because of the difficulties, she said, “large amounts” of grain grown for malt- ing barley are rejected and forced into a lower-revenuemarket. “If the protein is too high,” Nelsen said, “there is a lower amount of starchand less extract for thebrewer, and themaltingpro- cess is also slowed. On the other hand, if the protein is too low, this results in insuf- ficient enzymes for fermentation,which is absolutely essential formaking beer.” Despite the challenge of producing a

Currently, there are only a handful of malt houses in California such as this one in Alameda, but a UC small-grains researcher says more may open to serve the state’s craft breweries—and farmers hoping to sell malting barley will need to be able to meet specific quality standards.

crop that meets quality standards—made more challenging by factors beyond a farmer’s control—the price premium makes malting barley a tempting oppor- tunity, she said. “There is interest in growing barley for thesemalt houses, because they offer ap- proximately one-and-a-half to four times

the price for either forage or feed barley,” Nelsen said. “This price premium comes withastipulation, though: that themalting barleymustmeet ahighquality standard.” The demand for malting barley that achieves theprotein target has the chance to grow significantly in the next few years, she said. “Currently, there are only a handful of malt houses in California, with a very limited capacity,” Nelsen said. “But there aremore breweries in California than any other state, with more than a thousand craft breweries operating in California as of October 2019, many of which wish to differentiate themselves by brewing local

or California-grownmaterials.” She said craft breweries have the po- tential tocreate anichemarket that brings pricessignificantlyhigher thansmall-grain feed and forage. “Barley production has decreased greatly in California over the last 75 years,” Nelsen said. “At one point, there was even more barley harvested in California than wheat. Today, there are fewer small grains grown due to a large number of high-value competing crops and other economic factors.” ( Bo b J o hn s o n i s a r e p o r t e r i n Sacramento. He may be contacted at bjohn11135@gmail.com.)

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8 Ag Alert August 19, 2020

CDFA won’t reconsider decision on quota vote

hearing to consider the Stop QIP petition wasnotheldunder thestateAdministrative Procedures Act but rather under the de- partment’sownpublichearingprocedures, whichdonot allow for reconsideration. The group petitioned CDFA earlier this year to hold a referendum to suspend Chapter 3.5 of the Food and Agricultural Code,whichwouldalsosuspendthequota implementationplanorQIP.Ahearingwas conducted in June toconsider thepetition and whether the referendumprocedures in Chapter 3.5 would allow CDFA to sus- pend theQIP.

Chapter 3.5 requires only a simple-ma- jority vote to continue the QIP, where- by an unfavorable vote of 49.1% would suspendCDFA authority to collect quota assessments, effectively suspending the QIP by default. Producers in favor of keeping quota say terminating the QIP should require a 65% super-majority vote, the same threshold under which the programwas approved. In his July ruling, Administrative Law Judge Timothy Aspinwall called the Stop

ByChing Lee TheCaliforniaDepartment of Foodand Agriculturehasdeniedamotion for recon- siderationbyagroupofdairy farmers seek- ingaproducer referendumtosuspend the state’smilk-quota program. In a letter last week to the group Stop QIP, CDFA said itsmotionwas denied be- cause the department’s “procedures do

notallowfor reconsideration”andbecause the group “has not presented any ground for reconsideration.” Stop QIP sought reconsideration of an administrative law judge decision in July that recommendedCDFAdeny thegroup’s petition for referendum. Specifically, CDFA said it denied the motion for reconsideration because the

See DAIRY, Page 13

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August 19, 2020 Ag Alert 9

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C A L I F O R N I A

Vegetables A SPECIAL GROWERS’ REPORT OF AG ALERT ®

Restaurant operators say they have counted on produce farmers and shippers to help them adjust to new business realities during the pan- demic, including the transition to meals prepared to go for pickup or delivery.

Produce supply chain reacts to food-service changes

ByBob Johnson Restaurant ownerswho saw their businesses plummet and farmerswho lost essential outlets for their highly perishable produce have deepened their ties during the pan- demic, according to speakers at a recent conference. As food-service operators faced great uncertainty about the volume of their busi- nesses and reliability of the produce supply chain, operators said they came to count on farmers and shippers to help them adjust on the fly. “I can’t think of any timewe’vehad to leanonour partners asmuchas duringCOVID,” saidAnissaMandell Chance, supply chain vice president for Focus Brands. “We’ve had to be flexible.” Focus Brands operates more than 6,000 restaurants, coffee shops, bakeries and ice cream shops under numerous names. Chancemade her remarks as food-service operators discussed their closer ties with produce grower-shippers during the Produce Marketing Association Food Service Delivered webcast in July. The organization moved its traditional summer event in Monterey to the internet because of the pandemic. While therehas beena significant shift toward sellingproduce through supermarkets,

as people increasingly eat at home during the pandemic, speakers said food service remains an important if unpredictable outlet. “Our business will never be the same,” Chance said. “I don’t think I’ve ever seen this willingness to work together. A lot of inventory was lost at every level of the supply chain, and we’ve had to consolidate SKUs”—stock-keeping units for menu offerings. Other food-service operators at the conference mentioned they, too, consolidated offerings in response toCOVID, which leaves them looking for fewer butmore versatile produce items. “We scaled back on ourmenu and cut back on the slowmovers,” said Lisa Kartzman, supply chain vice president for Shake Shack. “We’ve had very good supplier relation- ships, and we’ve gotten even closer. We’ve learned more about their issues with raw materials and transportation.” Much of the uncertainty in food service has occurred because restaurants are doing a significant amount of their business through previously unfamiliar outlets. “We worked to be more resilient by focusing on our to-go business,” said Hari Nagabhirava, supply chain vice president for the Cheesecake Factory. “Everybody is

See FOOD, Page 12

August 19, 2020 Ag Alert 11

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