Rice Continued from Page 7
Conventional breedingmethods are es- sential to California rice growers because they rely heavily on the Japanese market, whichhasbeenslowtoacceptbiotechcrops. “This is not GMO. This is conven- tional breeding,” said Kassim Al-Khatib, University of California Cooperative Extensionweed specialist. “ROXY is toler- antof oxyfluorfen,whichisanoldmaterial. It is good on grasses except sprangletop. Youapply it beforeplanting, andonce you get to1-1/2pints, youget goodcontrol.We didsee some stunting, but theplants came back. All the herbicides cause stunting.” In addition to herbicide tolerance, 19Y400 has resistance to blast, according to McKenzie. That’s because it is a cross betweenM-210 and the variant trait origi- nally discovered inM-206. With its anticipated release next year, 19Y400 is likely to be the first of nearly 60 advancedROXY lines. M-210 is theonlymedium-grainvariety grown commercially with resistance to blast. It is widely used as an alternative to M-206 in areas with that disease problem. “Someyears, blast ispretty serious,” said Luis Espino, UCCE rice advisor in Butte
Teresa De Leon, who breeds medi- um-grain rice at the Rice Experiment Station in Biggs, says,“Our varieties are all high yielding and high quality.”
and Colusa counties. “I’ve seen some this year but not as bad as last year. A lot of growers have switched to M-210, which is resistant.” Rice researchershave studied theROXY herbicide-tolerance trait since 2014 and filed for a patent in 2017. They found it does not impact yield and can be used in effective weed-control systems for both water-seeded and drilled rice. UC publishes up to five years of me-
dium-grain variety rice yields in all the growing regions of the Sacramento Valley. Information is available at the UC Rice Blog, which includes the article “Considerations for choosing therightme- dium-grain rice variety.” While around 80% of California rice is medium grain, researchers at the exper- iment station are also working with con- ventional, jasmine, basmati and aromatic long-grain varieties andhave a number of promising lines. Among the short-grain varieties, Calhikari-202 has excellent cooking and eatingqualities, breeders said.But it is sub-
ject to lodgingandhas relatively lowyields. An experimental short-grain line, 17Y2087, has significantly higher yields than Calhikari-202, including as much as 35%higher yields in Glenn and Colusa counties. Other short-grain lines show higher yield potentials. Researchers are also evaluating rice lines for tolerance of cold, drought or sa- linity stress and studying approaches to diseases such as blast and stemrot. ( Bo b J o hn s o n i s a r e p o r t e r i n Sacramento. He may be contacted at bjohn11135@gmail.com.)
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8 Ag Alert September 15, 2021
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