Ag Alert Feb. 2, 2022

Carrots Continued from Page 9

he has made good progress in some of those lines.” She said researchers have collaborated with the private breeding industry and will be supplying advanced lines to ex- pedite the process. “We do have some other chemicals (al ternat ive nemat icides) that are coming on the market, which I would say are significantly less toxic than the other fumigant options,” Sidhu said. She described them as safer for the nontarget organisms, with far fewer regulatory requirements than other classes of pesticides. “We have made good progress on testing those products at the field level, and some of those products are mar- velous. They are very promising, and it looks like they’re the next generation,” Sidhu said. These products haven’t been regis- tered for carrot production in California to date. Sidhu said that may be because the priority uses for these chemicals have been larger cash crops in California. “We are anticipating that the root crops will be the next potential target for registration of these new alternative nematicides,” she said. “And that will be huge progress.” (Kathy Coatne y i s a repor t er in Bend, Oregon. She may be contacted at kacoatney@gmail.com.)

Sometimes efficacy is high for the first and second year, then the products lose effectiveness, he said. “We still don’t have good success with finding something that really works for the organic growers,” Sidhu said. Cover cropping tomanage nematodes isn’t feasible for carrots. “It is very help- ful in other crops, but here in the valley, it’s very intensive,” Sidhu said. “One crop is gone, the next is planting, and it’s a year-round process. So, we don’t have that three months, and the time for the cover crops.” She said additional water use and costs for growing cover crops is also an issue. Meanwhile, nematode dangers for carrots are ever-present. In fact, they can affect more than 500 different crops, Sidhu said. “As far as for the nematodes, they’re also one of the major challenges for the carrot growers here. They have a huge, wide host range,” she said. “When I talk about nematodes, it’s mainly the root-knot nematode,” Sidhu explained. “Root-knot nematodes are the most important plant-parasitic nema- todes affecting carrots in California. In particular, the Southern root-knot nem- atode and the Javanese root-knot nema- tode are widespread throughout Central

Vegetable crops advisor Jaspreet Sidhu, right, says root knot infec- tions can reduce yields and result in hairy, less-marketable carrots.

and Southern California, especially in light texture soils.” Because fumigation is challenging to use, other alternatives are being studied, Sidhu said. Sidhu said research is looking at an integrated-management, holistic ap- proach. Also, resistant varieties would be one of the components for managing these diseases. In the past decade, progress has been made in breeding varieties resistant to nematodes. The lead researchers are

Phil Roberts at UC Riverside, a n d Ph i l i p p

Photo/ University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources

Simon with the U.S. Department of AgricultureAgricultural ResearchService inWisconsin. To date, no commercial cultivars with root-knot nematode resistance are available for the California industry. But, Sidhu said, “Dr. Roberts is working with the resistance breeding from dif- ferent breeding lines that they acquired from different parts of the world, and

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10 Ag Alert February 2, 2022

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