Rice Continued from Page 7
blog her studies of the possibility that Suppress, an herbicide that can be used organicallybut cannot beusedwhenthere is standing water in the field, could play a role as a spot treatment for weedy rice. Because rice is the crop most subject to herbicide resistance, farmers regularly submit to the Rice Experiment Station or their local Cooperative Extension office weeds they suspect are resistant. “Growers can have a problemwith re- sistantweeds, and theyneed toknowwhat theyareresistant toandwhat theycanuse,” Al-Khatib said. Sometimes, the lab screening reveals that the weed is not resistant but that the timing of applications is crucial in gaining control. “We had 16 samples of sprangletop submitted and the grower said they were resistant to Cerano,” Al-Khatib said. “We did not find resistance to Cerano. The problem was sprangletop emerges with warmer weather: If you apply Cerano too early, theremaynot bemuch leftwhen the sprangletop seeds germinate.” ( Bo b J o hn s o n i s a r e p o r t e r i n Sacramento. He may be contacted at bjohn11135@gmail.com.)
Her studies found that this material, which is already registered in the South, works well on broadleaf weeds, has some activity against barnyardgrass and water- grass, but does not control sprangletop. Another new material, for which Al Khatib expects registration in2023, is oxy- fluorfen on the Roxy rice variety. “Roxy has a recessive gene that makes rice tolerant of oxyfluorfen,” said Kent McKenzie, recently retired director of the Rice Experiment Station in Richvale, who is continuing the work of bringing tomar- ket the combination of Roxy rice and the herbicide it tolerates. “The herbicide manufacturer is doing efficacy studies,” he said. “We are getting very good, broad-spectrumweed control withapreplant application.Weare looking for the best rate to optimize weed control andminimizethedelay inriceemergence.” As farmers anticipatenewweedcontrol options, they are still cautioned to mon- itor for weedy rice, which looks like and is closely related to the real thing but pro- duces reddish grains and shatters easily at harvest. A survey in 2016 found 10,000 acres of this troublesome pest plant spread across
Farm advisors say weedy rice has continued to spread in California fields, and that controlling the weed requires a number of best management practices.
most rice-growingareas, butboththeacre- ageandgeographic spreadhave increased in the last five years. “More recent estimates indicate it is up 4,000 or 5,000 acres and is extended geographically, including in the delta,” Leinfelder-Miles said. Because herbicides that kill weedy rice would also kill the rice crop, its closely re- lated cousin, advisors said a complex of best management practices is needed to prevent the spread of weedy rice. Farmers should use only certified seed,
monitor and rogue weedy rice plants early, and bag and remove panicles after heading, the farm advisors said, adding that equipment should be cleaned well, andareasof fields suspected tobe infested should be harvested last. Minimal tillage reduces spreading weedy rice seeds, and advisors reported some evidence that postharvest mowing and flooding without tillage may reduce the seed bank. Brim-Deforest has posted on the rice
Improving world economy causes rise in cotton demand
THE SAVINGS. SPRING IS HERE AND SO ARE SPRING IS HERE
Global cotton demand has risen, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture esti- mates 2020-21 global cotton imports will risemore than 11% this season. “As the world economy continues to rebound in 2020-21 from the COVID-19 pandemic, the cotton sector specifically hasexperiencedasignificant turnaround,” USDA said in a report last week. With global cotton demand rising, the report said, “the United States—along with other major exporters—is expected to witness rising raw cotton shipments this season.” USDA will release final production es- timatesMay 12. For now, the 2020-21 U.S. cotton supply forecast remains at 22 mil- lionbales, 2.8millionbales below thepre-
vious seasonandthesmallest infour years. Although the cotton supply forecast re- mained unchanged, USDA raised theU.S. demand estimate by 250,000 bales, with exports accounting for theentire increase. The report forecast U.S. cotton exports at 15.75million bales, up about 1.5% from last season’s final shipments. “Despite the slightly higher export fore- cast this season, the U.S. share of world trade is estimatedbelowayear ago,”USDA said, “as stronger competition fromother exporters is expected to reduce the U.S. shareapproximately 3percentagepoints.” The report estimatedworld cotton pro- ductionat 113millionbales in2020-21, the smallest in four years, as a result of lower harvested area.
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8 Ag Alert April 21, 2021
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