Ag Alert. October 5, 2022

Heat Continued from Page 10

Agricultural Market Review

Quotations are the latest available for the week ending September 30, 2022 Year Ago Week Ago Latest Week Livestock Slaughter Steers – 5-Area Average Select & Choice, 1150–1460 lbs., $ per cwt. 122-124 142.95 141-143 Hogs – Average hog, 51-52% lean, Iowa-Minn. market, $ per cwt. 93.02 94.75 92.17 Slaughter Lambs – $ per cwt. 125–175 lbs. National weekly live sales 227.50-269.96 117.74 116.20 Field crops – basis prompt shipment Barley – U.S. No. 2, $ per cwt. Truck, Stockton-Modesto-Oakdale-Turlock No Quote No Quote No Quote Cotton – ¢ per lb., Middling 1 3/32” Fresno spot market 84.79 79.31 72.34 Corn – U.S. No. 2 yellow $ per bu. trucked 7.02 9.50 No Quote Alfalfa Hay – $ per ton, quality*, FOB Region 1, Northern Inter-mountain 260 (S) 345 (S) 375 (S) Region 2, Sacramento Valley No Quote No Quote No Quote Region 3, Northern San Joaquin Valley 275-310 (P/S) No Quote No Quote Region 4, Central San Joaquin Valley 315 (S) 410 (G/P) No Quote Region 5, Southern California 250-270 (G) 22-23 (G/P, per bale) No Quote Region 6, Southeast Interior 195-260 (F/G/P) 380-400 (P/S) 390 (P) Oat Hay – $ per ton, quality*, FOB Northern California, dairy No Quote No Quote No Quote Oats – U.S. No. 2 white, $ per cwt. Statewide, trucked price No Quote No Quote No Quote

Frequent shallow irrigation can keep the soil wet, which helps prevent extreme temperature spikes in the canopy. University of California Cooperative Extension farm advisors Michael Cahn and Richard Smith give advice on “Keeping cool-season vegetables cool during heat waves.” In their Sept. 8 article on the Monterey County Cooperative Extension website, they wrote, “Irrigations do not need to be very long, as much as they should supply the crop with enough water to refill the soil profile to the depth of the root zone. They advised growers that “irrigating more frequently for less time would be a better strategy than irrigating less fre- quently for more time, since the soil has a limited capacity to store water in the root zone.” Cahn and Smith also advised grow- ers using sprinklers to irrigate more fre- quently during heat waves. They said quick watering during the hottest time of the day can provide some tempera- ture relief. “This might be a good strategy for vegetables that are in a stage of devel- opment that is very susceptible for heat damage, such as cauliflower close to harvest,” they wrote. When canopy temperatures become too high during heat waves, cool-season vegetables show distinct symptoms.

Lettuce can show burning near the tips of the leaves, and the heads can form poorly. Cauliflower wilts under extreme heat, and the exposed curds are then sub- ject to sunburn. Broccoli forms uneven heads when the canopy is too hot. Even when these cool-season vegeta- bles escape direct heat damage, they may be more subject to disease pressure. Researchers say excessive heat stresses lettuce plants and makes them more sus- ceptible to infection from Pythium wilt. Incidents of the disease, which caus- es stunting, yellowing and wilting of the outer leaves and eventual plant death, were prounounced during heat waves in 2020. Mason of Huntington Farms said, “Soil diseases like fusarium and verticillium are worse than usual.” Other growers also reported incidents of tip burn and insect- and disease-related damage during the September heat wave. Mason said he also noticed more vis- ible symptoms of impatiens necrotic stunt virus, a thrips-vectored disease that has become common throughout the Salinas Valley of late. In addition to stunting the plant, INSV also causes necrosis on the inner leaves. Mason said the virus “is widespread across all plantings.” (Bob Johnson is a reporter in Monterey County. He may be contacted at bjohn11135@gmail.com.)

Dry Beans – Grower FOB prices Baby Limas, $ per cwt, (sacked) Large Limas, $ per cwt. (sacked) Blackeye, $ per cwt. (sacked)

No Quote No Quote No Quote

Rice – Milled No. 1 Head, FOB No. Calif. mills Medium grain, $ per cwt. Wheat – U.S. No. 2 or better, winter, $ per cwt. 13% protein, Los Angeles, trucked price

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No Quote No Quote Provided by the California Farm Bureau as a service to Farm Bureau members. Information supplied by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Market News Branch. * ADF=Acid detergent fiber; (S) = Supreme/<27%ADF; (P) = Premium/27-29; (G) = Good/29-32; (F) = Fair/32-35. No Quote

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16 Ag Alert October 5, 2022

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